PPSC Horticulture Development Officer Recruitment 2025 – 101 Posts, Salary ₹44,900, Eligibility, Syllabus & Apply Online

Table of Contents:

Overview of PPSC HDO Recruitment 2025
Number of Vacancies & Reservation Details
Salary and Pay Scale
Eligibility Criteria
How to Apply Online
Exam Pattern & Syllabus
Important Dates
FAQs

Overview of PPSC Horticulture Development Officer Recruitment 2025

The Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC) has released the official notification for the recruitment of 101 posts of Horticulture Development Officer (Group-A) in the Department of Horticulture, Government of Punjab. The online application process has already begun on the official PPSC website, and candidates can apply until 14 November 2025 (11:59 PM).

This recruitment offers an excellent opportunity for candidates holding degrees in B.Sc or M.Sc (Horticulture) to join the Punjab Government as Group-A officers. The detailed notification includes information about eligibility, pay scale, selection process, syllabus, exam pattern, and category-wise reservation.

Organization: Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC)
Post Name: Horticulture Development Officer (Group-A)
Total Vacancies: 101
Pay Scale: ₹44,900/- per month (Level-7)
Job Location: Punjab
Application Mode: Online
Official Website: ppsc.gov.in

Number of Vacancies & Reservation Details

The total number of vacancies for the PPSC Horticulture Development Officer Recruitment 2025 is 101. These include reserved seats for various categories such as General, SC, BC, EWS, Ex-Servicemen, Sports Persons, and Persons with Disabilities (PwD).

Category	Total Posts	Reserved for Women
General	38	11
Economically Weaker Section (EWS)	10	3
Ex-Serviceman/LDESM, Punjab	7	4
Scheduled Castes (Others), Punjab	7	4
Balmiki/Mazbhi Sikhs, Punjab	7	5
Backward Classes, Punjab	11	4
Persons with Disabilities (Locomotor)	5	2
Sports Persons, Punjab	2	1
Freedom Fighter Category	1	0
Total	101	34

Note: The number of posts may be increased or decreased by the Government before completion of the selection process.

PPSC HDO Salary and Pay Scale 2025

The post of Horticulture Development Officer (Group-A) carries an initial pay of ₹44,900 per month under Pay Matrix Level-7 as per the Punjab Civil Services Rules. During the probation period of 3 years, selected candidates will receive a fixed emolument equal to the minimum pay without any allowances.

This competitive salary structure, along with other government benefits and job security, makes this an attractive career option in Punjab’s Horticulture Department.

PPSC HDO Eligibility Criteria 2025 (Education, Punjabi, Age Limit)

Candidates applying for the PPSC Horticulture Development Officer Recruitment 2025 must satisfy the following eligibility conditions on or before the last date of application (14 November 2025, 11:59 PM). Meeting the eligibility is mandatory for appearing in the competitive examination and final selection.

Educational Qualification (Degree Requirements)

Degree Path A: B.Sc. Agriculture (minimum 50% marks) with Horticulture as an elective subject or with an Experiential Learning Programme (ELP) in Horticulture; or B.Sc. Horticulture from a recognized University/Institution.
AND a M.Sc. Horticulture degree from a recognized University/Institution.

Punjabi Language Requirement

The candidate must have passed Matriculation with Punjabi as a compulsory/elective subject (or an equivalent Punjabi language exam notified by Punjab Government). Special provisions apply for specified defence categories as per rules (detailed in the official notice).

Important: All required qualifications must be possessed on or before 14-11-2025.

Age Limit (as on 01-01-2025)

Minimum Age: 18 years
Maximum Age: 37 years

Age Relaxation (Category-Wise)

Category	Upper Age Limit	Notes
Punjab Govt./Boards/Corporations/Commissions/Authorities employees; All State/Central Govt. employees : upto 45 years
Scheduled Castes (Punjab) / Backward Classes (Punjab) Upto 42 years
Ex-Servicemen (Punjab Domicile) : Deduct service period from actual age; if result ≤ max age + 3 years → eligible
Widows, Divorcees & Certain Other Categories of Women: As per Punjab Govt. instructions
Persons with Disabilities (Punjab) upto 47 years of age

Note: Detailed definitions for EWS, SC, BC, ESM/LDESM, Sports, PwD, women categories and required certificates are given in the official notification. Candidates must select the correct category with due diligence; category changes are not permitted after submission.

How to Apply Online for PPSC Horticulture Development Officer 2025

Follow this step-by-step process to submit the PPSC HDO online form on ppsc.gov.in. Keep scanned copies of your photo, signature, and documents handy. Pay the fee online only.

Visit the official PPSC website → open the Horticulture Development Officer (Group-A) recruitment page.
Register with a valid mobile number and email ID; note your registration details.
Upload Photo & Signature in the prescribed format and size; submit to proceed.
Open the Fee Payment page and click Pay Now. Choose an available online payment mode and complete the transaction. You’ll receive confirmation by SMS/email; you can also download the payment receipt.
Re-login if needed to verify payment status; use the “Verify Status” link in case of pending transactions.
Fill the complete Online Application Form: Name, Father’s Name, Date of Birth, Category, Qualifications, Experience (if any), Punjabi qualification, etc. Verify every field before final submit — edits are not allowed after submission.
Submit the form and save/print the final application for records. Do not send a hard copy to PPSC at this stage. Keep soft/hard copies ready for scrutiny whenever asked.

Special Uploads (Category-Specific):

Sports Person (Punjab): Email your valid Sports Gradation Certificate to hdoppsc2025@gmail.com or submit by hand on or before 14-11-2025.
Persons with Disabilities (Punjab): Email your PwD Certificate and relevant annexures to hdopwd2025@gmail.com or submit by hand on or before 14-11-2025. For assistance: 0175-5014832, 0175-5014833.

Documents to Keep Ready (for Scrutiny/Verification)

Matriculation/Higher Secondary certificate (Date of Birth proof) & Punjabi language proof
Relevant B.Sc/B.Sc (Hort.) and M.Sc (Hort.) Degree & DMCs
Punjab Residence certificate (as applicable for reserved categories including female candidates who applied in General)
Category certificates: SC/BC/EWS/ESM/LDESM/Sports/PwD (as applicable) in the prescribed formats
Experience certificate (if applicable)
ESM documents: Date of enrolment, date of release/discharge, reason of release/discharge
Any certificate supporting age relaxation or fee concession claims
Proof of being a government employee (if applicable)

Pro Tips for Error-Free Submission:

Apply well before the last date to avoid server congestion.
Use the same name and details across all documents.
Double-check category selection: fee, age relaxation and reservation depend on it and cannot be changed later.
Save a PDF print of your form and payment receipt for future reference.

For general queries: 0175-5014843, 5014826, 5014847, 5014849 | Email: hdoppsc2025@gmail.com
For technical issues (form/fee): 0175-5014822 | Email: enquiry@ppsc.gov.in, technicalhelp.ppsc@gmail.com

Also Read:

PPSC Horticulture Development Officer Selection Process 2025

The selection process for PPSC Horticulture Development Officer (Group-A) 2025 consists of two major stages:

Written Competitive Examination – 480 Marks
Interview – 60 Marks

The final merit list will be prepared based on the combined marks obtained by candidates in both the written examination and interview. The written exam will test both domain knowledge (Horticulture) and general aptitude.

Important: Candidates must secure a minimum of 40% marks (35% for SC/BC candidates of Punjab) in the written exam to qualify for the interview stage.

Written Examination Scheme

Subject	No. of Questions	Marks	Type
Subject-related (Horticulture)	90	360	MCQ (Objective)
General Knowledge & Current Affairs	10	40	MCQ
General Mental Ability, Logical Reasoning & Quantitative Aptitude	10	40	MCQ
Punjabi Language	10	40	MCQ
Total	120	480	-

Exam Duration: 2 Hours (120 Minutes)

Medium: English only

Negative Marking: 1 mark will be deducted for every wrong answer. Unanswered questions will not attract negative marking.

Interview (60 Marks)

Candidates securing the minimum qualifying marks will be called for an interview (in a 2:1 ratio of the number of posts). The interview assesses communication skills, confidence, subject knowledge, and suitability for the role.

PPSC HDO Exam Syllabus 2025 (Detailed)

The syllabus for the Horticulture Development Officer Exam 2025 is divided into four parts: Part-A (Subject), Part-B (GK), Part-C (Aptitude), and Part-D (Punjabi). Below is the detailed breakdown.

Part-A: Horticulture Subject (90 Questions – 360 Marks)

Fruit crops and recommended varieties for different agro-climatic zones of Punjab
Nursery production and propagation techniques
Soil management, irrigation and fertigation practices
Post-harvest handling, processing, storage, and value addition
Pest, disease, and weed management in horticultural crops
Production technology of vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants
Seed production and protected cultivation techniques
Role of horticulture in diversification and sustainability of agriculture
Innovations in canopy and crop management

Part-B: General Knowledge & Current Affairs (10 Questions – 40 Marks)

Indian History, especially Indian Freedom Movement
Punjab History (14th century onwards)
Indian Polity, Constitution, and Governance
Economy of India & Punjab
Science, Technology, and Environmental issues
Important National & International Current Affairs

Part-C: General Mental Ability, Logical Reasoning & Quantitative Aptitude (10 Questions – 40 Marks)

Logical reasoning and analytical ability
Basic arithmetic (numbers, percentages, ratios, averages)
Quantitative aptitude and data interpretation
Graphical data analysis (charts, tables, and spreadsheets)

Part-D: Punjabi Language (10 Questions – 40 Marks)

ਅਰਥਕ ਅਤੇ ਪਵਰੋਧਾਰਥਕ ਸ਼ਬਦ
ਸ਼ੁੱਧ–ਅਸ਼ੁੱਧ ਅਤੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਜੋੜ
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਅਖਾਣ ਅਤੇ ਮਿਹਾਵਰੇ
ਪਦਾਂ ਦੇ ਭੇਦ, ਅਗੇਤਰ ਅਤੇ ਪਿਛੇਤਰ
ਵਿਆਕਰਣ ਅਤੇ ਵਾਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਰਚਨਾ
ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੇ ਮੇਲੇ, ਤਿਉਹਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਸਭਿਆਚਾਰ
ਅਣਪੜ੍ਹੇ ਪੈਰਿਆਂ ’ਤੇ ਆਧਾਰਿਤ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ

Tip for Candidates: Give maximum focus to Part-A (Horticulture), which carries 75% weightage. Revise General Studies and Punjabi daily to secure easy marks in the remaining sections.

Marking System and Cut-Off Rules

Correct Answer: +4 Marks
Wrong Answer: -1 Mark
Unanswered: 0 Mark

Candidates must score at least 40% marks (35% for SC/BC) in the written test to qualify for the interview. Final selection will be based on the total of written + interview marks (out of 540).

Exam Centre & Admit Card

Exam centres will be allotted across Punjab. The exact centre name and roll number will be available on the Admit Card, which can be downloaded from the PPSC website. A public notice for downloading admit cards will be published prior to the exam.

Note: The exam will be pen & paper-based (OMR sheet). Candidates must bring a blue/black ballpoint pen. OMR answers will be machine-graded, so ensure clean markings.

PPSC HDO Application & Examination Fee 2025

The application fee for PPSC Horticulture Development Officer Recruitment 2025 must be paid online only through debit card, credit card, or net banking. The fee once paid is non-refundable.

Category	Application Charges	Examination Fee	Total Fee
Ex-Servicemen, EWS, PwD & LDESM (Punjab)	₹500	Nil	₹500
Scheduled Castes / Scheduled Tribes / Backward Classes (Punjab)	₹500	₹250	₹750
All Other Categories	₹500	₹1000	₹1500

At the time of document scrutiny, candidates claiming fee concessions must produce a valid category certificate. Those failing to do so will be treated as general category applicants.

PPSC HDO Important Dates 2025

Event	Date
Official Notification Release Date	17 October 2025
Online Application Start Date	18 October 2025
Last Date to Apply Online	14 November 2025 (11:59 PM)
Deadline to Submit Sports/PwD Certificates	14 November 2025
Admit Card Release	To be announced on PPSC website
Written Examination Date	To be notified soon

Important Tip: Apply early, as the PPSC application portal may face heavy traffic during the last 48 hours. Bookmark ppsc.gov.in for updates.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the salary of PPSC Horticulture Development Officer 2025?

The initial salary for the post is ₹44,900 per month (Level-7) as per the 7th Pay Commission. During the 3-year probation period, candidates receive a fixed emolument equal to the minimum pay without allowances.

2. What is the last date to apply for PPSC HDO Recruitment 2025?

The last date to apply online for PPSC Horticulture Development Officer 2025 is 14 November 2025 (11:59 PM). No offline applications will be accepted.

3. What are the educational qualifications for PPSC HDO 2025?

Candidates must possess B.Sc. Agriculture (with Horticulture) or B.Sc. Horticulture along with M.Sc. Horticulture from a recognized university, and must have passed Matric with Punjabi.

4. How many vacancies are available for PPSC HDO 2025?

The Punjab Public Service Commission has announced a total of 101 vacancies for the Horticulture Development Officer (Group-A) post under the Department of Horticulture, Government of Punjab.

5. What is the exam pattern for PPSC HDO 2025?

The written exam comprises 120 MCQs (480 marks) covering Horticulture, GK, Reasoning, and Punjabi. Each question carries 4 marks, and there is 1 mark negative marking. The interview carries 60 marks.

6. How can I apply for PPSC Horticulture Development Officer 2025?

Visit the official PPSC website, register online, fill the form carefully, upload documents, pay the fee, and submit. No hard copy is needed at this stage.

Conclusion: A Golden Career Opportunity in Punjab Horticulture Sector

The PPSC Horticulture Development Officer Recruitment 2025 offers a prestigious opportunity to serve in the Government of Punjab with an attractive salary and secure career. Candidates with a passion for agriculture, horticulture, and public service should not miss this chance. Apply before the deadline and begin preparation early using the official syllabus and previous papers.

Stay connected with PB JOBS OF TODAY for the latest updates on PPSC Recruitments 2025, admit cards, and results.

Quick Links:

Territorial Army Recruitment Rally 2025 at Ludhiana – Full Schedule, Eligibility & District-Wise Details

Territorial Army Recruitment Rally 2025 at Ludhiana – Full Details

Q: What are the rally dates for Territorial Army Recruitment 2025 at Ludhiana?

The rally will be conducted from 17 November to 30 November 2025 as per district-wise schedule.

Q: What is the age limit for Soldier GD, Clerk and Tradesmen?

18 to 42 years on the date of recruitment for all categories.

Q: What are the physical standards?

Minimum Height 160 cm, Weight 50 kg, Chest 77 cm with 5 cm expansion.

Q: What is the education qualification for Soldier (Clerk)?

10+2 with 60% aggregate and 50% in each subject, plus 50% in English & Maths/Accounts/Book Keeping in Class 12th.

Q: What time should candidates report?

Report at the rally site by 02:00 AM. No entry after 05:00 AM.

Q: What documents do I need to carry?

Originals plus two attested photocopies of domicile, character, caste (if applicable), 20 photos, mark sheets, PAN, Aadhaar, and marital status certificate.

The 103 Infantry Battalion (TA) SIKH LI will organize the Territorial Army Recruitment Rally 2025 at Ludhiana (Punjab) from 17 November to 30 November 2025. The rally will cover multiple districts from Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, UT of J&K, Leh, Chandigarh, and NCT of Delhi.

This recruitment drive is being conducted for various categories such as Soldier (General Duty), Clerk, Chef Community, ER, Artisan Metallurgy, House Keeper, Tailor, and Mess Keeper.

1. Territorial Army Rally 2025 Overview
2. District-Wise Recruitment Schedule
3. Age Limit & Physical Standards
4. Education Qualification
5. Required Documents
6. Written Examination
7. Important Links

1. Territorial Army Rally 2025 Overview

Organization	103 Infantry Battalion (TA) SIKH LI
Recruitment Type	Territorial Army Rally 2025
Rally Dates	17 November to 30 November 2025
Location	Ludhiana, Punjab
Eligible States	Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, UT of J&K, Leh, Chandigarh, and NCT of Delhi
Official Notification	To be published in Employment News dated 25 October 2025

2. District-Wise Recruitment Schedule (Zone-1)

Below is the detailed schedule of the Territorial Army Rally 2025 to be held at Ludhiana:

Date	Units & Category	Districts Covered
17 Nov 2025	Tradesmen including Clerk	Punjab, Haryana, and UT of Leh
18 Nov 2025	All Infantry Battalions Zone-1	UT of J&K and NCT of Delhi
21 Nov 2025	All Infantry Battalions Zone-1 (General Duty)	Amritsar, Fatehgarh Sahib, and Barnala
22 Nov 2025		Gurdaspur, Ropar, and Kapurthala
23 Nov 2025		Mansa, Ferozepur, and Malerkotla
25 Nov 2025		Bathinda, Hoshiarpur, and SBS Nagar
26 Nov 2025		Sangrur, Moga, and Faridkot
28 Nov 2025		Tarn Taran, Patiala, and Jalandhar
29 Nov 2025		Fazilka and Ludhiana
30 Nov 2025		Muktsar

Note: Candidates must report at the recruitment rally site at 02:00 AM. No entry will be allowed after 05:00 AM.

3. Age Limit & Physical Standards

Age Limit: 18 to 42 years as on the date of recruitment.
Height: Minimum 160 cm
Weight: Minimum 50 kg
Chest: 77 cm with 5 cm expansion

All candidates must meet the prescribed physical standards to qualify for the written examination.

4. Eligibility & Education Qualification

Category-wise minimum education qualification for Territorial Army Rally 2025 Ludhiana is as under:

Post / Category	Minimum Qualification	Additional Requirements
Soldier (General Duty)	Class 10th / Matric with 45% aggregate and 33% in each subject. If board uses grading (D Grade 33–40), then 33% in each subject with overall aggregate of C2 grade or equivalent corresponding to 45% aggregate.	Meets all physical standards.
Soldier (Clerk)	10+2 / Intermediate in any stream (Arts/Commerce/Science) with 60% aggregate and 50% in each subject.	50% in English & Maths/Accounts/Book Keeping in Class 12th is mandatory.
Soldier (Tradesmen)	10th simple pass. (For House Keeper & Mess Keeper, 8th pass may apply.)	Skill/Trade proficiency will be checked during selection.

Age Limit & Physical Standards (Re-cap)

Age: 18–42 years on date of recruitment.
Height: 160 cm (min)
Weight: 50 kg (min)
Chest: 77 cm with 5 cm expansion

Note: Mobile phones, watches and electronic devices are not permitted in the testing area. Candidates must report at rally site at 02:00 AM. No entry after 05:00 AM.

5. Vacancies & Categories (Zone-1)

Indicative category-wise vacancies for Zone-1:

Category	Vacancies
Soldier (GD)	716
Clerk	02
Chef Community	06
ER	02
Artisan Metallurgy	01
House Keeper	01
Tailor	02
Mess Keeper	01

6. Documents Required (Original + 2 Sets of Attested Photocopies)

Domicile Certificate
Character Certificate (signed by Sarpanch/SHO/Principal)
Caste Certificate (if applicable)
20 coloured passport-size photographs (computer print photos not accepted)
Original mark sheets of educational qualification
Photocopy of PAN Card & Aadhaar Card
Unmarried Certificate (Sarpanch/MC). For married candidates: certificate by Tehsildar/District Magistrate

7. Selection Process & Written Exam

Candidates who qualify Physical and Medical tests will appear for the Written Examination. Final merit will be as per applicable rules for Territorial Army Recruitment 2025.

Important Notes

Service/Ex-Servicemen Dependents: Son of servicemen/ex-servicemen/widow/war widow must bring Discharge Book, Relationship Certificate (issued by Records Office) and an affidavit by a First Class Judicial Magistrate.
Outstanding Sportsmen: (International/National/State level) must bring original participation certificates issued by competent authority.
Should not belong to any reserve force nor have any reserve liability.
Should not have been dismissed from service of Territorial Army, Regular Army, Navy or Air Force.
Should not be having more than one wife living.
Should not have been convicted by any criminal court.
The Territorial Army is a voluntary, part-time organization; employment is as per Government sanction & organizational requirement.

8. Important Links

More Territorial Army Jobs (Archive)
Defence Jobs – Latest Updates
District-Wise Schedule (Part 1)
Detailed advertisement: Refer Employment News dated 25 Oct 2025 (print edition).

9. FAQs – Territorial Army Rally 2025 Ludhiana

Q1. What are the rally dates for Territorial Army Recruitment 2025 at Ludhiana?

The rally will be conducted from 17 November to 30 November 2025 as per district-wise schedule.

Q2. What is the age limit for Soldier GD, Clerk and Tradesmen?

18 to 42 years on the date of recruitment for all categories.

Q3. What are the physical standards?

Minimum Height 160 cm, Weight 50 kg, Chest 77 cm with 5 cm expansion.

Q4. What is the education qualification for Soldier (Clerk)?

10+2 with 60% aggregate and 50% in each subject, plus 50% in English & Maths/Accounts/Book Keeping in Class 12th.

Q5. Are mobile phones allowed in the testing area?

No. Mobile phones, watches and electronic devices are not permitted.

Q6. What time should candidates report?

Report at the rally site by 02:00 AM. No entry after 05:00 AM.

Q7. What documents do I need to carry?

Originals + two attested copies of domicile, character, caste (if applicable), 20 photos, mark sheets, PAN, Aadhaar, and marital status certificate.

Keywords in context: Territorial Army Recruitment 2025 Ludhiana, TA Sikh LI Rally schedule, Soldier GD qualification, Clerk eligibility 12th pass, Tradesmen 10th pass, TA written exam, physical standards height weight chest, documents required for Territorial Army rally, Punjab zone-1 bharti dates.

BLOCK RESOURCES COORDINATOR: ਸਿਖਿਆ ਵਿਭਾਗ ਵੱਲੋਂ ਬਲਾਕ ਰਿਸੋਰਸ ਕੋਆਰਡੀਨੇਟਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਨਿਯੁਕਤੀ, ਤੁਰੰਤ ਫਾਰਗ ਕਰਨ ਦੇ ਹੁਕਮ

Punjab Government Family Pension instructions: ਪੰਜਾਬ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਵੱਲੋਂ ਫੈਮਿਲੀ ਪੈਨਸ਼ਨ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਕਲੈਰੀਫਿਕੇਸ਼ਨ ਜਾਰੀ

IAS / PCS TRANSFER: ਪੰਜਾਬ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਵੱਲੋਂ 3 ਜ਼ਿਲਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਡਿਪਟੀ ਕਮਿਸ਼ਨਰਾਂ ਸਮੇਤ 6 ਆਈਏਐਸ ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਤਬਾਦਲੇ

PSEB / NCERT CLASS 12 PHYSICS ( CEP) CH. 4 AND 5 MCQS/ 2 MARKS / 3 MARKS QUESTIONS SOLVED

Class 12 Physics MCQ Quiz — Ch.4 & Ch.5

ALSO READ CEP 2 Physics Chapter 4 – Moving Charges and Magnetism and Chapter 5 – Magnetism and Matter 2 marks questions and answers

10+2 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 AND 5 , 3 MARKS QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

10+2 PHYSICS CHAPTER 4 AND 5 , 3 MARKS QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Chapter 4 – Moving Charges and Magnetism (3 Marks Questions with Answers)

Q1. Briefly describe Oersted’s experiment leading to the discovery of magnetic effect of current.
Answer: In 1820, Hans Christian Oersted discovered that an electric current produces a magnetic field. He placed a magnetic needle near a current-carrying wire and observed that the needle deflected whenever current passed through the wire. The direction of deflection depended on the direction of current. This showed that moving charges (electric current) produce a magnetic field.

Q2. On what factors does the force experienced by a charged particle moving in a magnetic field depend?
Answer: The magnetic force on a charged particle depends on:

The magnitude of the charge (q).
The velocity (v) of the charged particle.
The strength of the magnetic field (B).
The angle (θ) between the velocity and magnetic field.
Mathematically,
F = qvB sinθ

Q3. Write the three features observed at the interaction of a charged particle in the presence of both the electric field and the magnetic field.
Answer:

The charged particle experiences both electric and magnetic forces simultaneously.
The net force acting on the particle is the vector sum of electric and magnetic forces.
F = q(E + v × B)
If electric and magnetic forces are equal and opposite, the particle moves undeflected. This principle is used in velocity selector devices.

Q4. Derive the expression for the force acting on a conductor carrying current in a uniform magnetic field.
Answer:
Consider a conductor of length L carrying current I placed in magnetic field B.
Each charge q moving with drift velocity v experiences force F = q(v × B).
Total force on the conductor:
F = BIL sinθ
where θ is the angle between current and magnetic field.
This force acts perpendicular to both I and B.

Q5. What is the nature of the trajectory of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field when its initial velocity makes angles (i) 0°, (ii) 90°, and (iii) in between 0° and 90° with the direction of the magnetic field?
Answer:
(i) 0°: The particle moves in a straight line parallel to the field (no magnetic force).
(ii) 90°: The particle moves in a circular path perpendicular to B.
(iii) Between 0° and 90°: The path becomes helical (combination of circular and linear motion).

Q6. What is the pitch of the helical path traversed by a charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field? Obtain an expression for it.
Answer:
The pitch is the linear distance covered by the particle along the magnetic field in one revolution.
Let vₗ be the velocity component parallel to B and T be the time period.
Then,
Pitch = vₗ × T
and
T = (2πm) / (qB)
Hence,
Pitch = (2πm vₗ) / (qB)

Q7. State and explain Biot–Savart’s law. Also calculate the magnetic field at a point due to a small current element.
Answer:
Biot–Savart’s law states that the magnetic field dB due to a small current element Idl at a point is proportional to current I, length element dl, and sine of the angle θ between dl and the line joining element to point, and inversely proportional to square of distance r.
dB = (μ₀ / 4π) × (I dl sinθ) / r²
For a small element of 1 cm, I = 2 A, and r = 1 m,
B = (2 × 10⁻⁹ T), directed perpendicular outward.

Q8. A straight wire of mass 200 g and length 1.5 m carries a current of 2 A. It is suspended in mid-air by a uniform horizontal magnetic field. Calculate the magnitude of the magnetic field.
Answer:
Given: m = 0.2 kg, L = 1.5 m, I = 2 A,
For equilibrium: BIL = mg
∴ B = mg / (IL)
B = (0.2 × 9.8) / (2 × 1.5) = 0.65 T

Q9. A horizontal overhead power line carries a current of 90 A in east to west direction. What is the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field due to the current 1.5 m below the line?
Answer:
Magnetic field due to a long straight conductor:
B = (μ₀ I) / (2πr)
Substitute: μ₀ = 4π × 10⁻⁷ H/m, I = 90 A, r = 1.5 m
B = (4π × 10⁻⁷ × 90) / (2π × 1.5) = 1.2 × 10⁻⁵ T
Direction: Towards South (by Right-Hand Thumb Rule).

Chapter 5 – Magnetism and Matter (3 Marks Questions with Answers)

Q1. Mention any three properties of magnetic field lines.
Answer:

Magnetic field lines form continuous closed loops.
They never intersect each other.
The direction of the field line gives the direction of the magnetic field (from North to South outside the magnet).

Q2. State and explain Gauss’s law in magnetism. Write its significance.
Answer:
Gauss’s law in magnetism states that the total magnetic flux through any closed surface is zero:
∮ B · dA = 0
This implies that magnetic monopoles do not exist — magnetic field lines always form closed loops (start and end at poles of the same magnet).

Q3. Derive the expression for magnetic potential energy of a dipole placed in a uniform magnetic field.
Answer:
If a magnetic dipole of moment M is placed in a uniform magnetic field B making an angle θ,
Potential energy,
U = – M B cosθ
It is minimum (–MB) when the dipole aligns with the field, and maximum (+MB) when opposite.

Q4. List any three properties of diamagnetic materials.
Answer:

Weakly repelled by magnetic fields.
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) is small and negative.
Independent of temperature (e.g., Bismuth, Copper).

Q5. Write any three properties of paramagnetic materials.
Answer:

Weakly attracted by magnetic fields.
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) is small and positive.
χ decreases with increase in temperature (follows Curie’s Law).

Q6. Mention any three properties of ferromagnetic materials.
Answer:

Strongly attracted by magnetic fields.
High and positive magnetic susceptibility.
Exhibit hysteresis (retain magnetism even after the field is removed).

Q7. A solenoid has a core of material with relative permeability 400. Windings carry a current of 2 A with 1000 turns per metre. Calculate (a) Magnetic intensity (H), (b) Magnetization (M), and (c) Magnetic field (B).
Answer:
Given: μᵣ = 400, I = 2 A, n = 1000 turns/m
(a) H = nI = 1000 × 2 = 2 × 10³ A/m
(b) M = (μᵣ – 1)H = 399 × 2 × 10³ = 7.98 × 10⁵ A/m ≈ 8 × 10⁵ A/m
(c) B = μ₀μᵣH = 4π × 10⁻⁷ × 400 × 2 × 10³ = 1.0 T

Q8. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 1.5 J/T lies along a uniform magnetic field of 0.22 T. Find the work required to turn it (i) normal, (ii) opposite to the field.
Answer:
Work done in rotating a dipole: W = MB (cosθ₁ – cosθ₂)
(i) From 0° to 90°: W = 1.5 × 0.22 (1 – 0) = 0.33 J
(ii) From 0° to 180°: W = 1.5 × 0.22 (1 – (–1)) = 0.66 J

Physics Chapter 4 – Moving Charges and Magnetism and Chapter 5 – Magnetism and Matter 2 marks questions and answers

CEP 2

Chapter 4 – Moving Charges and Magnetism (2 Marks Questions with Answers)

Q1. Is any work done by a magnetic field on a moving charge? Justify your answer.
No, a magnetic field does no work on a moving charge because the magnetic force is always perpendicular to the direction of motion. Hence, it does not change the speed or kinetic energy of the charge.

Q2. Does a charged particle gain kinetic energy as it enters a magnetic field?
No, the magnetic force changes only the direction of the velocity, not its magnitude. Therefore, the kinetic energy remains constant.

Q3. Formulate the definition of magnetic field from F = qvB sinθ.
Magnetic field is the region around a moving charge or current where it experiences a magnetic force. Force is maximum when θ = 90° and zero when θ = 0° or 180°.

Q4. Write the expression for magnetic field at a point due to current element and explain the terms.
( dB = μ₀/4π × (I dl × r̂)/r² )
where μ₀ = permeability, I = current, dl = element length, r = distance.

Q5. Derive expression of magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil using Biot–Savart law.
( B = μ₀ NI / 2R ), where N = number of turns, I = current, R = radius.

Q6. Write the expression for magnetic field at a point on the axis of a circular current loop.
( B = μ₀ I R² / 2(R² + x²)³ᐟ² ), where x = distance of point from the centre.

Q7. Recall formula of magnetic dipole moment of a coil of N turns and area A.
( M = NIA ). The polarity is predicted by the right-hand rule (curling fingers in current direction, thumb gives north pole).

Q8. State and explain Ampere’s circuital law.
The line integral of magnetic field around a closed path is equal to μ₀ times the total current enclosed:
( ∮ B·dl = μ₀I ).

Q9. Write expression for magnetic field due to long straight current-carrying conductor.
( B = μ₀ I / 2πr ), where I = current, r = distance.

Q10. Sketch diagrams of magnetic field lines for (i) long straight wire, (ii) circular coil.
(i) Concentric circles around wire.
(ii) Circular loops with denser lines near centre.

Q11. Write expression for magnetic field inside a solenoid.
( B = μ₀ n I ), where n = number of turns per metre, I = current.

Q12. Write expression for force between two parallel conductors.
( F/L = μ₀ I₁ I₂ / 2πd ), where d = distance between wires.

Q13. Define ‘ampere’ using force between parallel currents.
One ampere is that current which, when flowing through each of two parallel wires 1 m apart, produces a force of 2×10⁻⁷ N/m.

Q14. Write formula for torque on current loop and find direction.
( τ = N I B A sinθ ) or ( τ⃗ = m⃗ × B⃗ ). Direction is given by the right-hand rule.

Q15. When is torque on a current loop (i) maximum and (ii) minimum?
(i) Maximum when θ = 90°, (ii) Minimum (zero) when θ = 0° or 180°.

Q16. Draw labeled diagram of moving coil galvanometer.
Diagram shows coil, pole pieces, pointer, scale, and radial magnetic field.

Q17. What is the significance of radial magnetic field in a galvanometer?
It ensures that the torque on the coil is proportional to current for all positions, giving a uniform scale.

Q18. How is galvanometer converted into (i) ammeter (ii) voltmeter?
(i) By connecting a low resistance (shunt) parallel to coil.
(ii) By connecting a high resistance (multiplier) in series.

Q19. A solenoid has 1000 turns/m, current = 5 A. Find magnetic field.
( B = μ₀ n I = 4π×10⁻⁷×1000×5 = 6.28×10⁻³ T ).

Q20. A galvanometer has n = 30, B = 0.25 T, A = 1.5×10⁻³ m², k = 10⁻³ N·m/deg. Find current sensitivity.
( Iₛ = n B A / k = (30×0.25×1.5×10⁻³)/10⁻³ = 11.25°/A ).

Chapter 5 – Magnetism and Matter (2 Marks Questions with Answers)

Q1. Can two magnetic field lines intersect each other?
No, because if they intersect, a point would have two directions of magnetic field, which is impossible.

Q2. Write expression for potential energy of a dipole in uniform magnetic field.
( U = -mB cosθ ), where m = magnetic moment, B = field strength.

Q3. Conditions for (i) stable and (ii) unstable equilibrium of a magnetic needle.
(i) Stable: θ = 0°, dipole aligns with field.
(ii) Unstable: θ = 180°, dipole opposite to field.

Q4. Write expression for torque on magnetic needle in uniform magnetic field.
( τ = mB sinθ ), where m = magnetic moment, θ = angle with field.

Q5. Sketch showing declination, inclination and horizontal component of earth’s field.
Diagram: ( B_H = B cosδ ), ( B_V = B sinδ ), declination (θ) between magnetic and geographic meridian.

Q6. Values of angle of dip and horizontal components at equator and pole.
At equator: δ = 0°, H = B.
At pole: δ = 90°, H = 0.

Q7. What is diamagnetism? Example.
Diamagnetism is weak repulsion from a magnetic field. Example: Bismuth.

Q8. What is paramagnetism? Example.
Paramagnetism is weak attraction toward a magnetic field. Example: Aluminium.

Q9. On what two factors does paramagnetic susceptibility depend?
It depends on (i) material nature and (ii) temperature (inversely proportional to T).

Q10. State Curie’s law for paramagnetic substances.
( χₘ = C / T ), where C = Curie constant, T = absolute temperature.

Q11. Draw field lines near (i) diamagnetic (ii) paramagnetic substance.
(i) Diamagnetic – lines are repelled.
(ii) Paramagnetic – lines are attracted inside.

Q12. What is ferromagnetism? Example.
Strong magnetism even without external field. Example: Iron.

Q13. Any two differences between paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substances.

Property	Paramagnetic	Ferromagnetic
Magnetic strength	Weak	Very strong
Magnetic domains	Random	Well aligned

Q14. What are domains? What happens at high temperature?
Small regions with aligned magnetic moments; at high temperature, domains lose alignment.

Q15. What are hard ferromagnets? Example.
Substances with strong retentivity and coercivity (used in permanent magnets). Example: Steel.

Q16. What are soft ferromagnets? Example.
Easily magnetized and demagnetized materials (used in electromagnets). Example: Soft iron.

Q17. The magnetic susceptibility of a ferromagnet is 1499. Find relative permeability and permeability.
( μᵣ = 1 + χ = 1500 ), ( μ = μ₀ μᵣ = 4π×10⁻⁷×1500 = 1.88×10⁻³ H/m ).

Q18. A bar magnet with axis 30° to 0.25 T field has torque 4.5×10⁻² Nm. Find m.
( τ = mB sin30° ⇒ m = τ / (B sin30°) = 4.5×10⁻² / (0.25×0.5) = 0.36 J/T ).

Q19. A bar magnet (m = 0.32 J/T) in 0.15 T field. Find potential energy in stable and unstable equilibrium.
( U = -mB cosθ )
Stable (θ = 0°): U = –48 mJ
Unstable (θ = 180°): U = +48 mJ

Q20. A solenoid of 800 turns, area = 2.5×10⁻⁴ m², current = 3 A. Find magnetic moment.
( M = NIA = 800×3×2.5×10⁻⁴ = 0.60 J/T )

CEP 2025-26 Assignments (1 and 2 ) and Baseline Test | Download Links

Punjab Education Department has released CEP 2025-26 Assignments and Base Line Tests for students of Classes 6th to 12th. These assignments are designed to strengthen students’ conceptual understanding and assess their academic progress under the Continuous Evaluation Programme (CEP).

All links provided below include assignments for PM SHRI Schools as well as Non PM SHRI Schools. Students and teachers can easily download the official PDFs from the Google Drive links shared below.

CEP 2025-26 Assignments and Tests | Download Links

📘 CEP 2025-26 Assignments & Base Line Tests

📘 CEP 2025-26 Assignment 2

Assignment-02 (6th to 10th)
Assignment-02 (Non PM SHRI Schools 11th-12th)
Assignment-02 (PM SHRI Schools 11th-12th)

📘 CEP 2025-26 Assignment 1

Assignment-01 (6th to 10th)
Assignment-01 (Non PM SHRI Schools 11th-12th)
Assignment-01 (PM SHRI Schools 11th-12th)
📘 CEP 2025-26 Baseline Test
Base Line Test

📎 All links are official Google Drive sources for CEP 2025-26 assignments and tests. Please ensure you are logged into your email ID to access files.

Gramin Dak Sevak Bharti 2025 – Apply Online : ਗ੍ਰਾਮੀਣ ਡਾਕ ਸੇਵਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਭਰਤੀ ਲਈ ਕਰੋ ਅਪਲਾਈ

Gramin Dak Sevak Bharti 2025 – Apply Online for IPPB Executive Posts (Punjab, Chandigarh & Himachal)

Gramin Dak Sevak Bharti 2025: Apply Online for 348 Executive Posts under India Post Payments Bank

India Post Payments Bank (IPPB), under the Department of Posts, Government of India, has released a notification for the engagement of 348 Gramin Dak Sevaks (GDS) as Executives across India. This recruitment is open exclusively for existing GDS employees of the Department of Posts.

📅 Important Dates

Activity	Dates
Start of Online Application	09 October 2025
Last Date to Apply Online	29 October 2025
Official Website	www.ippbonline.com

🧾 Post Details

Post Name	Total Vacancies	Eligibility
Executive (on deputation from GDS)	348	Only GDS employees working under Department of Posts as on 01.08.2025

Each selected candidate will be engaged as an Executive in India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) and posted at specific banking outlets across India.

📍 Vacancies for Punjab, Chandigarh & Himachal Pradesh

State / UT	Location	No. of Vacancies
Punjab	Amritsar, Barnala, Faridkot, Ferozepur, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Ludhiana (2), Mansa, Moga, Malout, Patiala, Ropar, Sirhind, Tarn Taran	15
Himachal Pradesh	Shimla, Mandi, Kullu, Nahan	4
Chandigarh	Under Punjab Circle	Included in Punjab Circle

💼 Job Profile

Achieve monthly revenue targets through direct sales of bank products.
Conduct financial literacy campaigns and customer acquisition events.
Assist IPPB officers in operations and customer handling.
Train and guide other GDS in banking and digital literacy.
Coordinate with postal inspectors and postmasters for IPPB business.

🎓 Eligibility Criteria

Parameter	Details
Age Limit	20 to 35 years (as on 01.08.2025)
Educational Qualification	Graduate in any discipline from a recognized university (Regular/Distance)
Experience	No prior experience required
Employment Type	Existing GDS of Department of Posts only

💰 Salary and Benefits

Monthly Pay: ₹30,000/- (inclusive of all allowances)
Annual Increment & Performance Incentives applicable
Leave benefits as per GDS Conduct & Engagement Rules, 2020
Engagement counted towards GDS service for seniority & benefits

⏳ Tenure of Engagement

The engagement is for 1 year, extendable up to 2 more years based on satisfactory performance. However, this engagement does not guarantee permanent absorption in IPPB.

🧮 Selection Process

Selection will be based on merit of Graduation percentage.
In case of tie, seniority in GDS service will be considered.
Online Test may be conducted if required.

💵 Application Fee

Application Fee: ₹750/- (Non-refundable)

Candidates must ensure eligibility before applying, as the fee once paid will not be refunded.

🖥️ How to Apply Online

Visit the official website www.ippbonline.com
Go to the Careers section and click on “Apply Online – Engagement of GDS to IPPB as Executive.”
Register using your GDS ID and fill in your details accurately.
Upload required documents and pay the fee online.
Submit the final application before 29 October 2025.

📞 Contact Information

For queries: jobsdop@ippbonline.in

📚 FAQs – Gramin Dak Sevak Bharti 2025

Q1. Who can apply for Gramin Dak Sevak Bharti 2025?

Only current Gramin Dak Sevaks (GDS) working under the Department of Posts as on 01.08.2025 are eligible.

Q2. What is the last date to apply?

The last date to apply online is 29 October 2025.

Q3. What is the salary for IPPB Executive?

The selected candidates will receive ₹30,000 per month inclusive of all benefits.

Q4. Can candidates from Punjab, Chandigarh, and Himachal apply?

Yes, there are 15 posts in Punjab and 4 in Himachal Pradesh. Chandigarh comes under the Punjab circle.

Q5. Is there any written exam?

Selection is based on merit, but IPPB reserves the right to conduct an online test if required.

📎 Important Links

📊 Summary – IPPB Gramin Dak Sevak Recruitment 2025

Organization	India Post Payments Bank (IPPB)
Post Name	Executive (from Gramin Dak Sevaks)
Total Vacancies	348
Punjab Vacancies	15
Himachal Vacancies	4
Application Dates	09 Oct 2025 – 29 Oct 2025
Salary	₹30,000 per month
Official Website	www.ippbonline.com

JOBS OF TODAY

Labels