51. Photoperiodism was studied in detail while working on a mutant variety of tobacco called 'Maryland Mammoth'. Who among the following did these first studies ?
- (A) Garner and Allard (1920)
- (B) Krebs (1922)
- (C) Hillman (1919)
- (D) Lang (1930)
Answer: (A) Garner and Allard (1920)
52. Which one pair among the following show examples of natural cytokinins ?
- (A) Zeatin and Kinetin
- (B) Kinetin and Isopentenyl adenine
- (C) Zeatin and Benzyl amino purine
- (D) Zeatin and Isopentenyl adenine
Answer: (D) Zeatin and Isopentenyl adenine
53. Which one among the following types of mutations has resulted in the production of delicious apple variety?
- (A) Chemically induced mutation
- (B) Spontaneous mutation in a sex cell
- (C) Spontaneous mutation in a somatic cell
- (D) Radiation induced mutation
Answer: (C) Spontaneous mutation in a somatic cell
54. Which one of the following statements about Translation is not true?
- (A) Translation is a complex process and occurs on ribosomes.
- (B) Translation involves three types of RNAs for each mRNA, 8-10 types of rRNAs and 100-150 types of tRNAs.
- (C) Translation process requires at least 20 amino acid-activating enzymes known as aminoacyl tRNA synthetases.
- (D) Translation process requires at least 9 soluble proteins involved in polypeptide chain initiation, elongation and termination.
Answer: (B) Translation involves three types of RNAs for each mRNA, 8-10 types of rRNAs and 100-150 types of tRNAs.
55. DNA is a polymer of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of (1) a phosphate group, (2) deoxyribose (a five-carbon sugar), and (3) a cyclic nitrogen containing compound called a base. There are four different bases in DNA that fall into two groups, purines and pyrimidines. Which one of the following statements is true for these nitrogen bases ?
- (A) Purines are single ring bases and examples are adenine and thymine.
- (B) Pyrimidines are double ring bases and examples are cytosine and guanine.
- (C) Purines are double ring bases and examples are adenine and thymine.
- (D) Pyrimidines are single ring bases and examples are cytosine and thymine.
Answer: (D) Pyrimidines are single ring bases and examples are cytosine and thymine.
56. Which one of the following statements about Watson and Crick DNA Double Helix is not true ?
- (A) DNA exists as a double helix in which two polynucleotide chains are coiled about one another in a spiral.
- (B) The two polynucleotide chains are held together in their helical configuration by hydrogen bonding between bases in opposite strands.
- (C) The base pairing is specific such that adenine pairs with guanine and cytosine pairs with thymine.
- (D) Because of specific base pairing, once the sequence of nucleotides in one strand of DNA is known, the sequence of nucleotides in the other strand also becomes known.
Answer: (C) The base pairing is specific such that adenine pairs with guanine and cytosine pairs with thymine.
57. Who among the following tested and proved Watson and Crick's semiconservative DNA replication model?
- (A) Meselson and Stahl, 1958
- (B) Wilkins and Franklin, 1948
- (C) Hershey and Chase, 1952
- (D) Cairns and Franklin, 1953
Answer: (A) Meselson and Stahl, 1958
58. Which one of the following statements about 'E. coli RNA polymerase' is not true?
- (A) It catalyzes transcription of DNA into RNA in Escherichia coli.
- (B) It consists of 6 polypeptides, two α and one each of β, β', σ and ω.
- (C) The complete RNA polymerase molecule with 6 polypeptides is called the "holoenzyme".
- (D) The two alpha polypeptides are involved in initiation of transcription.
Answer: (D) The two alpha polypeptides are involved in initiation of transcription.
59. Which one among the following statements about 'Deforestation' is true?
- (A) Deforestation causes increased genetic diversity in all species.
- (B) Deforestation causes loss of habitat for a large number of species (plants, animals and microbes) resulting in species displacement and risk of extinction.
- (C) Deforestation in hilly areas causes soil stability.
- (D) Deforestation causes increase in carbon sequestration by soil.
Answer: (B) Deforestation causes loss of habitat for a large number of species (plants, animals and microbes) resulting in species displacement and risk of extinction.
60. Which one of the following represents "Frameshift type of mutation"?
- (A) Addition or deletion of 3 or multiples of 3 base pairs in a gene sequence.
- (B) Change of AT base pair with GC base pair in a gene sequence.
- (C) Change of GC base pair with AT and vice-versa.
- (D) Addition or deletion of a single or two base pair/s in a gene sequence.
Answer: (D) Addition or deletion of a single or two base pair/s in a gene sequence.
61. Which one of the following statements regarding 'XX-XY type mechanism of sex determination in Drosophila' is not true?
- (A) Ratio of number of sex chromosome "X" and number of sets of autosomes (A) determine sex of the organism.
- (B) Normal males have X/A ratio 0.5 and females have X/A ratio 1.0.
- (C) If an individual has 1X+1Y+2A chromosome composition, it will develop into a fertile male.
- (D) An individual with 1X+2A and no Y chromosome will also develop into fertile male.
Answer: (D) An individual with 1X+2A and no Y chromosome will also develop into fertile male.
62. Which one of the following statements regarding AIDS virus is incorrect?
- (A) AIDS virus is transmitted by contact of blood of an AIDS patient containing infected cells with the blood of a healthy person.
- (B) AIDS virus (HIV) is 200-240 mm in diameter.
- (C) AIDS virus (HIV) is contagious via specific body fluids.
- (D) It causes destruction of WBCs, unexplained loss of appetite, rapid weight loss over short time and brain damage in case of severe infection.
Answer: (B) AIDS virus (HIV) is 200-240 mm in diameter.
63. Which one of the following statements regarding T-cells is incorrect?
- (A) T-cells are differentiated in the thymus gland.
- (B) They are of 4 types: Killer, Helper, Memory and Suppressor cells.
- (C) Killer cells kill microbes but are not reactive against cancer cells.
- (D) Memory T cells retain memory of previous infection and are ready to mount a rapid and vigorous attack on subsequent infection by the same pathogen.
Answer: (C) Killer cells kill microbes but are not reactive against cancer cells.
64. Yellow fever is caused by _______ which is transmitted by _______:
- (A) Brugia malayi, Aedes aegypti
- (B) Flavivirus, Glossina palpalis
- (C) Wuchereria bancrofti, Aedes aegypti
- (D) Flavivirus, Aedes aegypti
Answer: (D) Flavivirus, Aedes aegypti
65. Bedbug is a small, reddish brown, wingless insect that feeds on human blood and in so doing causes irritation, itching and inflammation. Which one of the following is the scientific name of bedbug?
- (A) Pulex irritans
- (B) Cimex hemipterus
- (C) Chrysops discalis
- (D) Phlebotomus argentipes
Answer: (B) Cimex hemipterus
66. Antibodies are proteins produced by B Cells in response to introduction of an antigen in the body and offer humoral protection against viruses and bacterial pathogens. Who among the following coined the term 'Immunoglobins' for antibodies ?
- (A) Macfarlane Burnet in 1959
- (B) Peter Medawar in 1962
- (C) Edward Jenner in 1960
- (D) Joseph-Felix Heremans in 1959
Answer: (D) Joseph-Felix Heremans in 1959
67. Which one of the following statements regarding 'Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in humans' is incorrect?
- (A) Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in humans is set of genes that code for histocompatibility antigens.
- (B) MHC in humans is known as Human Lymphocyte Antigen (HLA) complex.
- (C) It is located on chromosome no. 16 in humans.
- (D) MHC genes are multiallelic.
Answer: (C) It is located on chromosome no. 16 in humans.
68. Which one among the following statements about 'Photochemical smog' is true?
- (A) Photochemical smog is formed by reactions between nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds released from vehicles and industries taking place in the presence of light.
- (B) Photochemical smog is a brownish-black air haze formed mainly due to the action of sunlight on SO2 and particulate matter.
- (C) PAN is the characteristic component of photochemical smog. Its full form is Peroxide ammonia nitrate.
- (D) Photochemical smog is generally associated with cold and humid conditions.
Answer: (A) Photochemical smog is formed by reactions between nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds released from vehicles and industries taking place in the presence of light.
69. Which of the following statements regarding 'Homologous and Analogous organs' is incorrect?
- (A) Homologous organs are adapted to perform different functions in different types of organisms.
- (B) Homologous organs have similar basic plan and origin.
- (C) Analogous organs are adapted to perform similar functions.
- (D) Analogous organs show divergent kind of evolution.
Answer: (D) Analogous organs show divergent kind of evolution.
70. Who among the following coined the term "Evolution"?
- (A) A. I. Oparin
- (B) Herbert Spencer
- (C) Francis Bacon
- (D) John Ray
Answer: (B) Herbert Spencer
71. Which one of the following is time period of origin of early primates?
- (A) About 65 million years ago
- (B) About 10 million years ago
- (C) About 165 million years ago
- (D) About 265 million years ago
Answer: (A) About 65 million years ago
72. Which one of the following statements regarding 'morphology of frog' is incorrect?
- (A) Body of the frog is dorsiventrally flat.
- (B) Its body is divided into two parts: Head and Trunk.
- (C) It is tetrapod and bears two pairs of limbs.
- (D) The hind limbs are longer in size. The feet of hind limbs bear four toes each with small nails. The toes are webbed.
Answer: (D) The hind limbs are longer in size. The feet of hind limbs bear four toes each with small nails. The toes are webbed.
73. Which of the following statements regarding 'vertebral column of frog' is incorrect?
- (A) The vertebral column of frog is made up of seven vertebrae and a rod like urostyle.
- (B) The first vertebra known as Atlas vertebra is ring like with reduced centrum.
- (C) It has single sacral vertebra in its column.
- (D) Vertebral column protects the spinal cord and supports head and trunk of the body.
Answer: (A) The vertebral column of frog is made up of seven vertebrae and a rod like urostyle.
74. Match the following and choose the correct option:
Phylum:
P. Ctenophora
Q. Platyhelminthes
R. Arthropoda
S. Coelentrata
Mode of Reproduction:
i. Asexual
ii. Sexual
- (A) P-i, Q-ii, R-ii, S-i
- (B) P-ii, Q-i and ii, R-ii, S-i and ii
- (C) P-i, Q-i, R-i and ii, S-i and ii
- (D) P-i, Q-ii, R-i, S-ii
Answer: (B) P-ii, Q-i and ii, R-ii, S-i and ii
75. Which one among the following is the component of a vaccine responsible for stimulating a specific immune response ?
- (A) An Antibiotic
- (B) An Antibody
- (C) An Antigen
- (D) An Immunoglobin
Answer: (C) An Antigen
76. Which one of the following statements regarding Pheretima posthuma (Indian earthworm) is incorrect?
- (A) Pheretima is nocturnal and lives in burrows.
- (B) Its body is long, dark brown, cylindrical and divided into 100-120 segments by ring link grooves called annuli.
- (C) Female genital aperture lies mid ventrally on the segment 12.
- (D) A pair of male genital pores lie ventrally on segment 18.
Answer: (C) Female genital aperture lies mid ventrally on the segment 12.
77. Which one of the following characteristics of Phylum Annelida is incorrect?
- (A) Bilateral symmetry
- (B) Digestive tract is complete, and digestion is extracellular.
- (C) Body cavity is present (True coelom).
- (D) Reproduction is usually asexual, rarely sexual.
Answer: (D) Reproduction is usually asexual, rarely sexual.
78. Which one of the following options represents inheritance of skin color in humans?
- (A) Inheritance of linked genes
- (B) Polygenic inheritance
- (C) Multiple alleles
- (D) Mutant alleles
Answer: (B) Polygenic inheritance
79. Which one of the following syndromes represents presence of chromosome configuration (44A+XXY)?
- (A) Down Syndrome
- (B) Turner Syndrome
- (C) Marfan Syndrome
- (D) Klinefelter Syndrome
Answer: (D) Klinefelter Syndrome
80. The entire body of cockroach is covered by hard plates called as Sclerites. Which one of the following statements about sclerites is incorrect?
- (A) Sclerites are formed of chitin which is a polysaccharide of acetylgalactosamine.
- (B) Chitin is secreted by epidermis.
- (C) Various sclerites collectively form the exoskeleton.
- (D) The adjacent sclerites are joined together by thin, soft, flexible arthrodial membranes to allow movement.
Answer: (A) Sclerites are formed of chitin which is a polysaccharide of acetylgalactosamine.
81. Which one of the following statements about Female cockroach is incorrect?
- (A) Abdomen is relatively long and narrow.
- (B) Only the first seven abdominal sterna are visible.
- (C) A brood pouch is formed by the 7th, 8th and 9th abdominal sterna.
- (D) Genital aperture lies on the 8th sternum within the brood pouch.
Answer: (A) Abdomen is relatively long and narrow.
82. Which one of the following species of Solanum has spiny leaves?
- (A) Solanum tuberosum
- (B) Solanum lycopersicum
- (C) Solanum xanthocarpum
- (D) Solanum nigrum
Answer: (C) Solanum xanthocarpum
83. When was Human Genome Project officially launched ?
- (A) October 10, 1990
- (B) September 1, 1991
- (C) October 1, 1990
- (D) October 30, 1990
Answer: (C) October 1, 1990
84. Which one's of the following statements about rRNAs is/are true?
(i) rRNAs are linear molecules with no folds.
(ii) rRNAs have secondary structure because of intrastrand hydrogen bonding.
(iii) rRNAs have conserved structural domains.
(iv) rRNAs do not have conserved structural domains.
- (A) (i) only
- (B) (i) and (iv)
- (C) (ii) and (iii)
- (D) (i) and (iii)
Answer: (C) (ii) and (iii)
85. Which one's of the following statements about structure of yeast alanine tRNA is/are true?
(i) It has cloverleaf configuration.
(ii) The secondary structure is due to hydrogen bonding between different bases in different regions of the molecule.
(iii) The structure contains 4 loops in which no base pairing is possible.
(iv) One of the loops has codon 3'-CGI-5'.
- (A) (i), (ii) and (iii)
- (B) (i) only
- (C) (i), (iii) and (iv)
- (D) (i) and (ii)
Answer: (A) (i), (ii) and (iii)
86. Which one of the following statements about 'Genetic code' is incorrect?
- (A) Genetic code is triplet.
- (B) Genetic code is commaless.
- (C) UGA functions as the start codon.
- (D) Genetic code always reads in 5'-3' direction during translation.
Answer: (C) UGA functions as the start codon.
87. Which one of the following is not general characteristic of class Oomycetes ?
- (A) They are characterized by oogamous sexual reproduction.
- (B) Asexual reproduction by biflagellate zoospores formed inside sporangia.
- (C) Hyphal wall mainly consists of chitin.
- (D) This group exhibits progressive evolution from aquatic to land habit.
Answer: (C) Hyphal wall mainly consists of chitin.
88. Which one of the following options represents means of asexual reproduction in ascomycetes ?
- (A) Zoospores
- (B) Ascospore
- (C) Aplanospores
- (D) Conidia
Answer: (D) Conidia
89. According to Hardy-Weinberg Law, allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation. For this Law to prove true, it must meet some strict conditions given below: Which one of the conditions given below is incorrect?
- (A) It is applicable for large population size.
- (B) The phenotypic differences in the population should be due to mutations.
- (C) There should be no migration of the population.
- (D) It should be a randomly mating population.
Answer: (B) The phenotypic differences in the population should be due to mutations.
90. Which one of the following statements about Fungi is true?
- (A) Fungi are autotrophs.
- (B) Fungi are mixotrophs.
- (C) Fungi are heterotrophs.
- (D) Fungi are homotrophs.
Answer: (C) Fungi are heterotrophs.
91. Which one of the following is not example of eucarpic fungi?
- (A) Synchytrium endobioticum
- (B) Pythium debaryanum
- (C) Rhizopus stolonifer
- (D) Monoblepharis polymorpha
Answer: (A) Synchytrium endobioticum
92. Which one of the following statements about gametophyte of Anthoceros is incorrect?
- (A) The gametophyte of Anthoceros is generally simple, dorsiventrally flattened thallus.
- (B) The ventral surface of thallus bears tuberculate rhizoids and scales.
- (C) In many species of Anthoceros, each cell of the thallus carries a single basin shaped chloroplast with a pyrenoid.
- (D) The sex organs are not borne on any special sexual branches, rather they are immersed in the thallus.
Answer: (B) The ventral surface of thallus bears tuberculate rhizoids and scales.
93. Who among the following is referred to as father of Indian Mycology?
- (A) E.J. Butler
- (B) A.R. Kirtikar
- (C) S.N. Das Gupta
- (D) J. SenGupta
Answer: (A) E.J. Butler
94. Which one of the following statements about sporophyte of Funaria is correct?
- (A) Sporophyte of Funaria consists of a foot and a capsule linked by a small narrow neck.
- (B) Sporophyte of Funaria consists of foot, a short seta and spherical capsule.
- (C) Sporophyte of Funaria consists of foot, intercalary zone and elongated capsule.
- (D) Sporophyte of Funaria consists of foot, elongated seta and pear-shaped capsule covered by calyptra.
Answer: (D) Sporophyte of Funaria consists of foot, elongated seta and pear-shaped capsule covered by calyptra.
95. The sporogonium of Marchantia is differentiated into foot, seta and capsule. The capsule encloses a mass of meiospores and elaters. Which one of the following statements about elaters in Marchantia is incorrect?
- (A) The elaters are exceptionally long, slender cells with tapering ends.
- (B) They develop from elater mother cells.
- (C) They are haploid i.e. they carry one set of chromosomes.
- (D) The mature elaters lack protoplasm and so are dead.
Answer: (C) They are haploid i.e. they carry one set of chromosomes.
96. Carl Linnaeus established binomial nomenclature for every living thing. He was a
- (A) Swiss Botanist
- (B) British Botanist
- (C) American Botanist
- (D) Swedish Botanist
Answer: (D) Swedish Botanist
97. Which one of the following fungal species is widely used in bakery industries?
- (A) Neurospora sitophila
- (B) Alternaria solani
- (C) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- (D) Aspergillus niger
Answer: (C) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
98. Who among the following established Five Kingdom classification system for living beings ?
- (A) R.H. Whittaker in 1969
- (B) E. Chatton in 1937
- (C) Ernst Haeckel in 1866
- (D) Stanier and Van Niel in 1962
Answer: (A) R.H. Whittaker in 1969
99. Who among the following defined Systematics as a "Scientific study of the kinds and diversity of organisms and of any and all relationships between them." ?
- (A) Linnaeus (1737)
- (B) Simpson (1961)
- (C) Huxley (1888)
- (D) Lawrence (1951)
Answer: (B) Simpson (1961)
100. Which one of the following statements about Taxonomy and Systematics is incorrect?
- (A) Taxonomy is the science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms into groups.
- (B) Systematics is a broader field that studies the evolutionary history and genetic relationships between organisms.
- (C) Goal of Systematics is to find out how organisms evolved from common ancestors.
- (D) Taxonomy is concerned with mapping family trees and comparing DNA.
Answer: (D) Taxonomy is concerned with mapping family trees and comparing DNA.
