Learning Theories and Educational Legislation
1. Observant learning is very common in which species?
Human children
Human children
2. Pavlov enunciated his ideas while studying the physiology of the digestive system in which animal?
Dogs
Dogs
3. Whose theory of operant conditioning is an extension of the theories of Pavlov?
Skinner’s
Skinner’s
4. What is the key term for understanding operant conditioning?
Reinforcement
Reinforcement
5. What is the other stimulus called in classical conditioning?
US (Unconditioned Stimulus)
US (Unconditioned Stimulus)
6. Skinner’s experiment was conducted upon which animals?
Pigeons
Pigeons
7. What is the apparatus specially designed for Skinner’s experiments known as?
Skinner’s Box
Skinner’s Box
8. What is the other name for Pavlovian conditioning?
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning
9. What process is related to the motivational aspects of learning?
Insight
Insight
10. Perceptual learning is learning of what?
Reorganisation of functional whole
Reorganisation of functional whole
11. Distinguishing the call of birds is an example of what type of learning?
Perceptual learning
Perceptual learning
12. What three factors affect learning?
Physiological, environment and psychological motivation
Physiological, environment and psychological motivation
13. Man learns by doing, whereas animals learn by what?
Observing
Observing
14. What is the nationality of the psychologist Ebbinghaus?
German
German
15. Similarity of material hinders learning in which kind of inhibition?
Both proactive and retroactive inhibitions
Both proactive and retroactive inhibitions
16. What is one of the factors that influence forgetting?
Rate of original learning
Rate of original learning
17. What does motivation explain?
The ‘Why’ of behaviour
The ‘Why’ of behaviour
18. Learning is the modification of what?
Behaviour
Behaviour
19. What is the full form of the RtE Act?
Right of children to free and compulsory Education Act
Right of children to free and compulsory Education Act
20. The RtE – 2009 Act is based on which article of the constitution of India?
Article 45
Article 45
21. How many sections does the RtE – 2009 Act have?
38
38
22. The RtE Act has been extended to the whole of India except which state?
J&K
J&K
23. According to the RtE Act, children of which age group will be provided free and compulsory education?
6 years to 14 years
6 years to 14 years
24. Elementary education covers education from which classes?
Class 1 to class 8
Class 1 to class 8
25. As per the RtE Act, private and specified category schools shall admit what percentage of children belonging to weaker sections in class I?
25%
25%
26. What provision improves learning for children admitted in age-appropriate classes to bring them to the level of their classmates?
Special training
Special training
27. In a School Management Committee (SMC), the percentage of actual parents will comprise at least how much?
75%
75%
28. If an SMC has 16 members, what will be the number of women members?
8
8
29. What are the functions of a School Management Committee (SMC)?
Monitor the working of school, prepare school development plans, and monitor the utilization of grants
Monitor the working of school, prepare school development plans, and monitor the utilization of grants
30. What are the duties of a teacher under the RtE?
Maintain regularity, complete the curriculum on time, and assess the learning ability of each child
Maintain regularity, complete the curriculum on time, and assess the learning ability of each child
31. If a teacher is not professionally qualified, after how many years of RtE implementation must they possess the required qualification?
5 years
5 years
32. Under RtE, what are teachers prohibited from engaging in?
Taking private tuition, inflicting corporal punishment, and gender or social discrimination
Taking private tuition, inflicting corporal punishment, and gender or social discrimination
33. If a primary school has a total enrollment of 98 students, how many teachers must the government provide?
4
4
34. For class 7, there has to be one teacher for every how many children?
35 children
35 children
35. What is the number of working days in an academic year for class 3?
200
200
36. What are the number of instructional hours in an academic year for class 8?
1000
1000
37. What is the minimum number of working hours per week for a teacher?
45
45
38. As per age-appropriate education, a 10-year-old child who has never been to school is eligible for admission to which class?
Class Five
Class Five
39. Which type of evaluation assesses the learning progress to provide continuous feedback to both teachers and students during instruction?
Formative evaluation
Formative evaluation
40. Diagnostic evaluation ascertains what?
Causes and remedies of persistent learning problems during instructions
Causes and remedies of persistent learning problems during instructions
41. What is true about multiple-choice questions?
They are more objective than true-false questions
They are more objective than true-false questions
42. What are the characteristics of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation?
It replaces marks with grades, evaluates every aspect of the student, and helps in reducing examination phobia
It replaces marks with grades, evaluates every aspect of the student, and helps in reducing examination phobia
43. What are the main objectives of student evaluation of teachers?
To make teachers take teaching seriously, help them adopt innovative methods, and identify areas for further improvement
To make teachers take teaching seriously, help them adopt innovative methods, and identify areas for further improvement
44. What is the main purpose of conducting a diagnostic test?
Identifying the causes underlying academic difficulties
Identifying the causes underlying academic difficulties
45. What does criterion-referenced evaluation refer to?
It measures student performance against a fixed set of learning standards
It measures student performance against a fixed set of learning standards
46. What is the main purpose of conducting an evaluation?
To provide feedback on the extent to which education for a productive life has been successfully imparted
To provide feedback on the extent to which education for a productive life has been successfully imparted
47. What kind of activity involves students assembling various artifacts of their work in a notebook to demonstrate what they can do for society?
Portfolio assessment
Portfolio assessment
48. Failure of a child to perform well in class tests leads us to believe what?
There is a need to reflect upon the syllabus, pedagogy, and assessment processes
There is a need to reflect upon the syllabus, pedagogy, and assessment processes
49. What role would students foresee in their own assessment in a constructivist classroom?
Students would plan for assessment with the teacher
Students would plan for assessment with the teacher
50. As a Mathematics teacher, what should you believe about students' errors?
Students’ errors provide insights into their thinking
Students’ errors provide insights into their thinking
51. What is the primary reason for a child's failure in school?
A child’s failure is a reflection on the system and its inability to respond to the child
A child’s failure is a reflection on the system and its inability to respond to the child
52. Teaching performed by a group of teachers is called what?
Team teaching
Team teaching
53. Where was Team Teaching used for the first time?
America
America
54. Who developed a Teaching Model in which the teacher was replaced by a computer?
Denial Davis
Denial Davis
55. Who developed the computer-based teaching model?
Stolurow and Davis (1965)
Stolurow and Davis (1965)
56. Who propounded programmed learning?
Skinner
Skinner
57. What does instruction include?
Providing informations
Providing informations
58. What has been provided by programmed instruction?
Educational Technology
Educational Technology
59. What are the principles of programmed learning?
Presenting the subject matter in small frames, continuing the learning process, and continuous evaluation
Presenting the subject matter in small frames, continuing the learning process, and continuous evaluation
60. In what year was the computer developed in India?
1961
1961
61. Who is the father of the software approach?
Skinner
Skinner
62. When was Instructional Technology first used?
1926
1926
63. What is Team Teaching?
It involves teams of teachers to optimize resources, interest, and expertise
It involves teams of teachers to optimize resources, interest, and expertise
64. Which teaching method involves two or more teachers planning a subject cooperatively and evaluating its effect periodically?
Team teaching
Team teaching
65. Which method is used for teaching science in the present era of technology?
Programmed Instruction, Team Teaching, and Computer Assisted Teaching
Programmed Instruction, Team Teaching, and Computer Assisted Teaching
66. If some students are not in a mood to study in the class, what should a teacher do?
Tell them some interesting things related to their interest or your own subject
Tell them some interesting things related to their interest or your own subject
67. What role should parents play in the learning process of young children?
Proactive
Proactive
68. Kohlberg’s theory of moral development as a follow-up of Piaget’s theory was a result of what?
Creating moral dilemmas for people
Creating moral dilemmas for people
69. At which level in Kohlberg's theory is morality externally controlled?
Pre-conventional level
Pre-conventional level
70. Which stage is not proposed by Kohlberg in his Theory of Moral Development?
Social contract and social rights
Social contract and social rights
71. A child returning a book because of fear of punishment illustrates which level of Kohlberg’s theory?
Pre-conventional level
Pre-conventional level
72. Children in primary schools follow which stages proposed by Lawrence Kohlberg?
Individualism and Exchange, and Obedience and Punishment Orientation
Individualism and Exchange, and Obedience and Punishment Orientation
73. What is a characteristic of Kohlberg’s stages of moral development?
Universal sequences of stages across all cultures
Universal sequences of stages across all cultures
74. What is a major criticism of Kohlberg’s theory?
Kohlberg did not account for cultural differences in moral reasoning of men and women
Kohlberg did not account for cultural differences in moral reasoning of men and women
75. Which is a correctly matched pair in moral development orientations?
Good boy and good girl orientation: One earns approval by being nice
Good boy and good girl orientation: One earns approval by being nice
76. On what count has Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning been criticized?
Kohlberg has based his study primarily on a male sample
Kohlberg has based his study primarily on a male sample
77. According to Kohlberg, in which stage do people approach moral problems as members of society?
Stage 4
Stage 4
78. What is the most primitive sentiment expressed by a child in early childhood?
His love for his own self
His love for his own self
79. How can a teacher instill moral values in children according to Kohlberg?
By involving them in discussions on moral issues
By involving them in discussions on moral issues
80. A child citing "Because teacher says so, and you don't want to get punished" demonstrates which level of moral development?
Punishment and obedience orientation
Punishment and obedience orientation
81. Gilligan labels the differences in moral decision making as the morality of what for men and what for women?
Justice; Caring
Justice; Caring
82. The level of development in which morality is controlled by the fear of punishment is called what?
Pre-moral level
Pre-moral level
83. What is the thinking process involved in judgements about questions of right and wrong called?
Moral reasoning
Moral reasoning
84. Not paying income tax because the government is corrupt places a person in which of Kohlberg’s stages?
Post-conventional
Post-conventional
85. Adolescents joining committees with strong beliefs against bullying are at which stage?
The conventional level
The conventional level
86. In which stage do children become active members of their peer group?
Adolescence
Adolescence
87. The idea that "Development is a never ending process" is associated with what?
Principle of continuity
Principle of continuity
88. The term 'Toy age' refers to which stage of development?
Early childhood
Early childhood
89. Which of the following is not a characteristic of early childhood?
Play age
Play age
90. In the late childhood period, children understand the conversion of which physical entities?
Mass, number and area
Mass, number and area
91. Which development task is not appropriate to late childhood?
Achieving a masculine or feminine social role
Achieving a masculine or feminine social role
92. What does the current view of childhood assume?
Childhood is a unique period of growth and change
Childhood is a unique period of growth and change
93. What is the best method to study growth and development of a child?
Developmental Method
Developmental Method
94. What does the term PSRN in development imply?
Problem solving, reasoning & numeracy
Problem solving, reasoning & numeracy
95. Who first used the concept of the developmental task?
Havighurst
Havighurst
96. Development of concepts is primarily a part of which development?
Intellectual development
Intellectual development
97. Heredity is considered as what kind of social structure?
Static
Static
98. Which of the following is not a principle of human development?
Reversible
Reversible
99. Human development is the product of joint contribution of what?
Heredity and environment
Heredity and environment
100. Child development is defined as a field of study that does what?
Accounts for the gradual evolution of a child’s cognitive, social and other capacities
Accounts for the gradual evolution of a child’s cognitive, social and other capacities
